1995 Terrapin Invitational Tournament
Toss-ups by Horny Geeks at Maryland

T-1.  ³The light which puts out our eyes is darkness to us.  Only that day
dawns to which we are awake.  There is more day to dawn.  The sun is but a
morning star.²  These are the final words of what work whose chapetrs
include ³Economy², ³Where I Lived and What I Lived For², and ³The Pond in
Winter².  FTP identify this 1854 work by Henry David Thoreau.
Answer:  _Walden_ or _A Life in the Woods_

T-2.  He drove a 100 miles twice a week to teach a class with only two
students in it; since the students were Yang and Lee, the entire class won
a Nobel Prize.  In his later years, he worked on translating the
_Principia_ into English and posited a unity between literature, art,
music, and physics.  A professor at Chicago, he shared a Nobel Prize with
William Fowler.  FTP identify this man whose 1.4 solar mass limit for a
white dwarf earned the ridicule of Arthur Eddington.
Answer:  Subramanyan _Chandrasekhar_

T-3.  Appointed the first governor of Hudson¹s Bay Company, he was better
known for his naval and military exploits.  he fought against and alongside
Sir William Penn in the Dutch Wars, but his greatest tactical ploy involved
sending a poodle laden with flaming arrows into onrushing cavalry.  Though
known for his brilliance during the Thirty Years War, his rashness led to
the defeat at Naseby in 1845.  FTP name this son of Elizabeth of York and
Frederick the Winter King.
Answer:  Prince _Rupert_ of the Rhine

T-4.  An associate once claimed he would bet on anything ³except the
weather, because he couldn¹t fix that.²  Owner of a real estate business,
his connections kept him from ever being prosecuted for illegal activities. 
His penchant for wagering over $100,000 in cash per dice roll earned him
the nickname the ³Big Bankroll².  FTP identify this gambler, the alleged
mastermind of the ³Black Sox Scandal², who was murdered in 1928 for
reneging on a bet.
Answer:  Arnold _Rothstein_

T-5.  Born from a golden egg which floated on the waters, he was divided
into two halves--a male half Purusha and a female half Satarupa.  The
Kalpa--a period of time describing his day--begins with the creation of the
universe and ends with its destruction.  represented as red or gold
colored, his four arms hold a rosary, a vial containing the waters of the
Ganges, the Vedas, and a sceptre.  FTP identify this four headed god of the
Hindu trinity.
Answer:  _Brahma_ (not Vishnu or Vishnu Jejjala)

T-6.   At first he was a law student, but after hearing Rossini¹s operas
and a performance by Paganini he persuaded his parents to allow him to
change over to the pianoforte.   Under the direction of Mendelssohn, the
Gewandhaus Orchestra performed his first symphony in B-flat, and he
composed the choral _Paradise and the Peril_ and the scenes from _Faust_
during this time period.  FTP, name this composer of the ³Spring² and
³Rhenish² symphonies.
Answer:  Robert _Schumann_

T-7.  Its literary forbears include the villians of Gothic fiction and
melodrama including Prometheus, Satan, Ahasuerus, and Faust.  The title
character is hounded by remorse for incest with his sister Astarte.  The
protagonist of this work subtitled ³A Dramatic Poem² disdainfully rejects
the offer of a pact with forces of darkness.  FTP identify this epic drama
by Lord Byron.
Answer:  _Manfred_

T-8.  The microscopic members of this phylum feed by drawing a current of
water into their mouth by beating a circle of cilia. A distinctive pharynx
structure called the mastax grinds the food in seven hard jawlike
structures. FTP, what is this phylum of around 1700 free-living aquatic
species, also known as the wheel animalcules?
Answer: _Rotifera_ or _Rotifers_

T-9.  Written primarily by Thomas Hooker, John Haynes, and Roger Ludlow, it
consisted of a preamble and eleven sections.  It organized a ³Combination²
responsible for protecting the community against the individual.  Though
far from democratic, it had been hailed as the first written constitution. 
FTP identify this document which served as the basic law for the
Connecticut Colony from 1639 to 1662.
Answer:  The _Fundamental Orders_

T-10.  After studying classics and philosophy, in 1881 he shocked his
friends and teachers by failing his examinations.  Pursuing classical
studies in private, he built up a reputation as a great textual critic of
Latin literature.  As a Cambridge professor, he expressed the view that
poetry cannot be explained or analyzed in his lecture _The Name and Nature
of Poetry_.  This editor of Manilius¹ _Astronomica_  wrote ³Malt does than
more than Milton can to justify the ways of God to man².  FTP who wrote _A
Shropshire Lad_?
Answer:  Alfred Edward _Housman_

T-11.  It is self similar with a fractal dimension of ln 2/ln 3.  When
expressed in trinary, none of the elements in it contain the digit ³1².  It
is formed by considering the unit interval and removing the middle third. 
The middle third of all resulting sub-intervals are also removed in
successive iterations.  FTP name this mathematical construct named after a
19th century German mathematician useful in the study of chaotic
scattering.
Answer:  _Cantor Set_  

T-12.  They live by hunting and fishing, and they observe a highly
animistic religion.  A bear is captured and sacrificed at a winter feast,
and this spirit is said to guard over the tribe.  Descended from Caucasoid
peoples, they are European in appearance, though intermarriage has added
some Asian features.  Presently most of these people live in the Kuril
Islands, on Sakhalin Island, and on Hokkaido.  FTP, identify these
aboriginal people who were pushed out of Japan by invaders from the Asiatic
mainland.
Answer:  _Ainu_ 
 
T-13.  Its rock formations date from Precambrian time, making it one of the
oldest mountain ranges in the world.  This Southern extension of the
Canadian shield includes Skylight, Haystack, and Whiteface peaks, in
addition to the 5344 foot Mount Marcy.  In between the peaks, you can find
Lakes Schroon, Cranberry, and Placid.  FTP, name this mountain range in New
York.
Answer:  The _Adirondacks_

T-14.  It was based on Amaso Delano¹s _Narrative of Voyages and Travels_
which recounted a slave mutiny aboard a Spanish ship near the coast of
Chile in 1805.  Melville changed the date of the events to 1799 and shaped
Delano¹s account into a depiction of the tyrannies generated by slavery and
the differences in human perceptions of reality.  FTP identify this short
story from the _Piazza Tales_.
Answer:  _²Benito Cereno²_

T-15.  In biology, it is the term for the division of a zygote, occuring
spirally in protostomes and radially in deuterostomes. In mineralogy, it is
the splitting of a mineral along planar surfaces determined by the crystal
structure, ranging from perfect in muscovite to fair in beryls. FTP, what
is this common term?
Answer: _Cleavage_

T-16.  The angel is the only figure in the picture to look outwards at the
spectator and his pointing right hand directs the viewer¹s attention to the
Virgin.  Mary is kneeling and puts her right hand about the little St.
John, who, close to her, presses forward in silent prayer to the Christ
child.  The child, held by the angel and seated on the ground, answers with
a gesture of blessing.  The whole scene is set in a lonely, secret,
mountainous wilderness with occassional glimpses into the open air and the
light.  FTP identify this painting by Leonardo noted for its sfumato and
chiaroscuro.
Answer:  _The Madonna of the Rocks_

T-17.  In Roman times, the name stood for the freedom of Roman citizen
communities and the jurisdiction that guaranteed it.  He found Athena¹s
discarded double flute and undeterred by the beating Athena gave him, he
became proficient at it.  Challenging Apollo to a contest, he lost because
he was unable to play his instrument upside down.  FTP identify this
Phrygian satyr flayed alive and hung on a pine tree.
Answer:  _Marsyas_

T-18.  Ian Fleming¹s novel _You Only Live Twice_ took its title from a poem
by this man.  A wanderer for most of his life, his travel sketches include
_The Records of a Travel Worn Satchel_, a work famous for its opening
passages, and _The Narrow Road to the Deep North_ which describes his
inward spiritual quest for simple primitive beauty while outwardly
describing his journey to rural northeast Japan.  His poetry evolved from
the pedantic verse of his youth to the lighthearted poetry of his last
years.  FTP identify this man generally acknowledged as the master of the
haiku.
Answer:  Matsuo _Basho_ 

T-19.  Heisenberg¹s matrix mechanics and Schroedinger¹s wave mechanics are
two independent routes to quantum threory.  Richard Feynman discovered a
third in the mid-40¹s when he integrated this function over all possible
paths from point a at time 1 to point b at time 2.  The function represents
the kinetic energy of a body minus its potential energy.   FTP identify
this function named after an 18th century French mathematician and
physicist that stems from the calculus of variations and whose partial
derivatives yields the Hamiltonian.
Answer:  _Lagrangian_

T-20.  Deserted by a reserve unit under the general Basilacius, an army
commanded by Emperor Romanus Diogenes moved to occupy the enemy camp. 
Fearful of taking an overstretched position, a skirmish was ordered to
cover a retreat.  A lieutenant, Andronicus Ducas, then treasonly withdrew
the second line of troops.  The isolated Byzantine Emperor was thus left to
be captured by the Seljuk Turks under Alp Arsalan.  FTP identify this
pivotal 19 August 1071 Anatolian battle.
Answer:  Battle of _Manzikert_

T-21.  Passed over the veto of President Andrew Johnson on March 2, 1867,
it was modified by Grant¹s administration, and declared unconstitutional in
1926.  However, when Johnson wished to test the constitutionality of this
measure, the Supreme Court refused to review it.  Edwin Stanton barricaded
himself in his office, invoking this rule which forbade removal of cabinet
members without Senate approval.  FTP identify this law the violation of
which was the chief charge against Johnson during his impeachment.
Answer:  The _Tenure of Office Act_


Bonuses by Horny Geeks at Maryland

B-1.  FTP each identify these things around Yggdrasil.
a.  The well of Urtharbrunn was nourished by what 3 demigodesses who
presided over the fates of men and gods?
Answer: _Norns_
b.  He dwelt under the roof of Yggdrasil.  Odin gave one of his eyes in
order to drink from his well.
Answer: _Mimir_
c.  Four stags feed on Yggdrasil's foliage, and an eagle and a hawk sit in
its branches.  In addition what squirrel runs up and down its trunk
carrying strife?
Answer: _Ratatosk_

B-2.  Identify these Mannerist artists on a 10-5 basis.
10:  He painted portraits of the Medici and designed the Uffizi as well as
churches and palaces in Arezzo and in Pisa.
5:  He is best known for his _Lives of the Artists_ (1550).
Answer: Giorgio _Vasari_
10:  His works in American collections include the _Finding of Moses_ and
_The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes_ at the Met and the _Baptism of
Clorinda_ at the Art Institute of Chicago.
5:  Born Jacopo Robusti, his works include _St. Marc Rescuing a Slave_
(1548) which is noted for its effective use of foreshortening.
Answer: _Tintoretto_
10:  Studying under Titian in Rome, his works are renowned for their
flamelike lines, vivid highlights, and distorted shapes.  He employed the
_figura serpentinata_ in such works as _Laocoon_ in the National Gallery.
5:  Among his great works are _Baptism_, _Crucifixion_ and _Resurrection_,
all at the Prado.
Answer: _El Greco_

B-3.  Answer these astronomy questions for the stated number of points.
5:  This is a plot of absolute magnitude of stars versus their spectral class.
Answer: _Hertzsprung-Russell_ Diagram 
5:  It is found that a majority of stars lie on a diagonal band on the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.  What is this band called?
Answer: _Main Sequence_
10:  When a star like the sun leaves the main sequence, it starts to burn
hydrogen in its shell.  When the pressure and temperature are sufficiently
high in the core, another element rapidly ignites there and burns very
quickly.  What is this phenomenon called?
Answer: _Helium Flash_
10:  Finally, for stars in certain regions of the Hertzsprung Russell
diagram, pulsations cause periodic variations in brightness.  One form of
short term variables are the delta cepheids.  FTP identify the other common
type of short term variable star about 3000 of which are observed in our
galaxy.
Answer: _RR Lyrae_ Variables

B-4.  Identify these people who died at the Alamo for the stated number of
points.
5:  Born in Georgia, this man, a wealthy planter and notorious
troublemaker, was famed for his knife fighting skills.  He led the first
American volunteers to the Alamo, and was killed in the battle.
Answer: Jim _Bowie_
10:  This man was captured alive and executed by Santa Ana.  He did not
participate in the battle, incapacitated with diarrhea.  FTP name this man,
commander of the Americans and second-in-command at the Alamo.
Answer: Davy _Crockett_
15:  This lawyer represented Texan claims against Mexican governmental
officials prior to the rebellion.  He led the first Texan guerilla band
that was chased to the Alamo.  He commanded the combined forces and was
killed in the battle.
Answer: William _Travis_

B-5.  Answer these questions about the works of Dante FTP each.
a.  Dante is guided through the afterlife by three people.  Vergil shows
him around the Inferno and most of the Purgatorio while Beatrice takes him
through Paradiso.  FTP who shows Dante through the last part of Purgatorio?
Answer: _Matilda_
b.  In this autobiographical work, Dante recounts his meetings with
Beatrice Portinari at the ages of 9 and 18.  It is a collection of sonnets,
canzoni, and commentary.
Answer: _La Vita Nuova_
c.  In this Latin treatise, Dante presents the political belief that a
unified temporal authority, the Holy Roman Empire, is necessary, but
deplores the rivalry between the emperor and the papacy.
Answer: _De Monarchia_ or _On World Government_

B-6.  Identify the following parts of the angiosperm flower for five points
each and a five point bonus.
a.  Usually small and green, these leaflike units enclose and protect all
other floral parts during the bud stage.
Answer: _Sepals_
b.  This is the collective term for the ring of sepals.
Answer: _Calyx_
c.  This is the ring of petals internal to the calyx.
Answer: _Corolla_
d.  This is the collective term for the calyx and corolla.
Answer: _Perianth_
e.  Located just inside the circle of the corolla, these are the male
reporductive organs which produce the microspores.
Answer: _Stamen_

B-7.  Identify these New Wave directors from their films FFP each.
a.  _Le Beau Serge_
Answer: Claude _Chabrol_
b.  _Breathless_
Answer: Jean-Luc _Goddard_
c.  _Jules and Jim_
Answer: Francois _Truffaut_
d.  _The Sign of Leo_
Answer: Eric _Rohmer_
e.  _Hiroshima, mon amour_
Answer: Alain _Resnais_
f.  _Zazie dans le metro_
Answer: Louis _Malle_

B-8.  Identify the following about the War of Spanish Succession FTP each:
a.  The French, under Villars, were defeated at this site in 1709, but
prevented an invasion of France.
Answer:  _Malaplaquet_
b.  The war became inevitable when this archduke, the accepted successor to
the Spanish throne, died in 1699.
Answer:  _Joseph Ferdinand_
c.  After he was refused a commission by Louis XIV, he served as commanding
officer for the armies of the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer:  _Eugene_ of Savoy

B-9.  Give the authors of the following works for ten points each; five if
you need some easier works.
10:  _An Evening Walk_
5:  "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" and "The Daffodils"
Answer: William _Wordsworth_
10:  _The Evening Star_
5:  _Gigi_ and _La Fin de Cheri_
Answer: Sidonie Gabrielle _Colette_
10:  _Evening in Byzantium_
5:  _The Young Lions_ and _Rich Man, Poor Man_
Answer: Irwin _Shaw_

B-10.  Given one work identify the member of Les Six who composed it FTP each.
a.  _Les Biches_ and _Dialogues des Carmelites_
Answer: Francis _Poulenc_
b.  _King David_ and _Joan of Arc at the Stake_
Answer: Arthur _Honegger_
c.  _Le Pauvre Matelot_ and _The Creation of the World_
Answer: Darius _Milhaud_

B-11.  Identify these diseases caused by nutrient deficiencies for the
stated number of points:
5:  This debilitating disease featuring delayed healing of wounds,
loosening of teeth, anemia and painful joints is caused by a deficiency of
ascorbic acid.
Answer: _Scurvy_
10:  Its symptoms include muscle atrophy, paralysis and mental confusion.
It struck Dutch troops in the East Indies in the 1800¹s when they ate
unpolished rice stripped of thiamine.
Answer: _Beriberi_
15:  This protein-deficiency disease commonly occurs among children in
countries where the diet consists primarily of a single plant material. It
is characterized by degeneration of the liver, severa anemia, inflammation
of the skin and a severely bloated abdomen.
Answer: _Kwashiorkor_

B-12.  Name these members of the Scriblers Club from a brief description
for ten points each.
a.  This man produced the _Examiner_, a newspaper of Tory interest in 1710,
and wrote allegorical works like _The Tale of a Tub_.
Answer: Jonathan _Swift_
b.  Court physician to Queen Anne, he wrote _The Memoirs of Martinus
Scriblerus_ along with his _History of John Bull_.
Answer: John _Arbuthnot_
c.  This Irish poet provided the preface _Essay on the Life, Writings, and
Learning of Homer_ to Pope's translation of the Iliad, along with writing
poems like "A Hymn to Contentment" and "A Night Piece on Death."
Answer: Thomas _Parnell_

B-13.  Answer these questions about logical positivist thinkers for the
stated number of points.
5:  This school was begun by a group of Austrian thinkers influenced by the
work of Wittgenstein.  FFP identify this group.
Answer: The _Vienna Circle_
10:  One of the founders of logical positivism, he defined philosophy as
the logic of the sciences.  Through linguistic analysis, he revealed the
inadequacies of everyday speech.  Works include _The Logical Syntax of
Language_ (1934) and _Introduction to Symbolic Logic_ (1954).
Answer: Rudolf _Carnap_  
15:  The editor of the journal _Mind_, he became concerned with the
philosophical implications of linguistic analysis and questioned the
definition of "reality".  Although he provided no systematic set of
philosophical doctrines, he influenced the logical positivists.
Answer:  George Edward _Moore_
 
B-14.  Michigan State is now the home of the Spartans, but how much do you
know about the original Sparta?
5:  Sparta was located in this region of southern Pelopennesse.
Answer: _Laconia_
5:  The Spartans were by far outnumbered by their Ionian slaves which were
known by this name.
Answer: _Helots_
10:  In the 8th century BC, the Spartans crossed Mt. Taegitus and conquered
this fertile neighboring region.
Answer: _Messenia_
10:  At this c. 650 BC battle, Spartans were defeated by Argos, provoking
the 25 year long Second Messenian War.
Answer: _Hysiai_ 

B-15.  30-20-10 Name the author from works.
30:  _A Slight Ache_ and _No Man's Land_
20:  _The Collection_ and _The Homecoming_
10:  _The Birthday Party_ and _The Dumb Waiter_
Answer: Harold _Pinter_

B-16.  Given a description of the influential twentieth century physicist
who didn't win a Nobel Prize but deserved one, identify him for 15 points
apiece.
a.  A German physicist born in Konigsberg, with Felix Klein, he researched
the theory of the mechanics of the top and published a four volume treatise
on the subject.  He researched into wave spreading in wireless telegraphy,
applied the quantum theory to spectral lines, developed the Bohr atomic
model, and evolved a theory of the electron metallic state.  His students
included Wolfgang Pauli, though at one time or another he collaborated with
or employed almost every influential pre-WW II physicist.  
Answer: Arnold _Sommerfeld_
b.  Because by tradition, Nobel Prizes in Physics are awarded to at most
three people, he didn't share the Prize with Feynman, Schwinger, and
Tomonaga.  Though he doesn't have a doctorate, he helped make the formalism
of Quantum Electrodynamics workable.  He currently holds Einstein's Chair
at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
Answer: Freeman _Dyson_

B-17.  Identify the religious treatises on a 15-5 basis.
15:  A history of this author's intellectual development and conversion to
Catholicism, it was written as a response to charges brought by Charles
Kingsley.
5:  Its author is John Henry, Cardinal Newman.
Answer: _Apologia Pro Vita Sua_
15:  It first appeared in Latin in 1536 and a French translation was
produced by the author himself 5 years later.
5:  Its author is John Calvin. (not Colvin)
Answer: _Institutes of the Christian Religion_

B-18.  Taxes suck!  Given a description, identify the following tariff
bills from American history for the stated number of points.
5:  Passed in 1930, this bill raised tariffs to their highest level in
American history.
Answer: _Hawley-Smoot_ Tariff
10:  Enacted in 1913, this progressive bill lowered tariffs to their lowest
level before WW II.
Answer: _Underwood_ Tariff
15:  Enacted over the veto of President Cleveland in 1894, this bill
authorized the first federal income tax, but was later declared
unconstitutional.
Answer: _Wilson-Gorman_ Tariff

B-19.  Answer the following questions about volcanoes for ten points each.
a.  This type of volcano is created by basaltic lava flows that spread
widely, creating a broad shape many tens of kilometers in circumference and
more than 2 kilometers. Mauna Loa is a definitive example.
Answer: _Shield_ volcano
b.  When volcanic vents discharge pyroclasts, the solid fragments build up
to form these concave-shaped cones, determined by the maximum angle at
which the debris remains stable instead of sliding downhill.
Answer: _Cinder_ cone
c.  Shiprock in New Mexico is an example of this feature, created when hot
matter from the deep interior of a volcano escapes explosively and the vent
is left filled with breccia.
Answer: _Diatreme_

B-20.  Name these Eugene O' Neill plays from a few of their characters for
ten points each.
a.  Ella Downey, Jim Harris
Answer: _All God's Chillun Got Wings_
b.  Ephraim and Abbie Cabot 
Answer: _Desire Under the Elms_
c.  Chris Christopherson, Mat Burke
Answer: _Anna Christie_